Numerical Simulation and Experimental Studies on the Effect of Slope on the Maximum Smoke Temperature Under the Ceiling in Tunnel Fires

In order to study the effect of the slope and longitudinal velocity on the maximum temperature under the ceiling,numerical and experimental studies on the maximum smoke temperature under the ceiling in urban underground traffic tunnels with the gradient of 0 ~ ± 5% were studied in this paper.The results show that the maximum temperature under the tunnel ceiling predicted by Kurioka model agree well with the numerical and experimental results when the tunnel gradient is 0. At the same time,the revised Kurioka model is also suggested for the sloping tunnels by the authors.