Ground Surface Settlement Analysis During the Subway Tunnel Excavation by Shielding

Based on settlement monitoring deformation of ground surface that results from a test shield tunnel, the characteristics of movement of ground surface are analyzed, and several qualitative laws are obtained. Using professional software to model deformation curve of ground surface, it can be found that the trough profile is similar to normal distribution (namely Gauss distribution). Finally, a comparison between fitting results and previous experienced formulas is made, and a good agreement can be obtained.