Blockchain Enabled Federal Learning: Approaches, Challenges, and Prospects

In response to security and privacy in the integration of blockchain technology with federated learning (FL), a comprehensive review and analysis of the relevant methods for empowering FL with blockchain are provided.First, the fundamental knowledge of FL and blockchain is elucidated separately, and on the basis of this, the state-of-the-art general architectures for blockchain-enabled FL are summarized.Second, the progress in security, privacy, incentives, and efficiency methods is investigated and the connections between relevant literature and their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.Finally, the current issues in blockchain-enabled FL are identified, and potential solutions are proposed, along with future prospects.