On Two Policy Tools of Technical Barriers to Trade: Standard and Intellectual Property Right

Standard and Intellectual Property Right are two general policy tools of technical barriers to trade, which combine together to form a new kind of trade barrier with characteristics of technology patentization-patent standardization-standard monopolization. It has dual influences on all the parties of trade, which will provide direct or indirect protection for a special industry by raising the costs of production and operation of competitors, and finally influences the promotion of their competitiveness and the selection of the industry.