Regulation Dilemma and Its Solution to the Development of China's Artificial Intelligence Computing Industry

Computing power is a fundamental element in the development of artificial intelligence and an important tool for its regulation. The governance of computing power has a dual nature, which requires promoting innovative development and secure supply of computing power, as well as effectively controlling artificial intelligence risks through computing power regulation. Contradictions and tensions objectively exist. (1) The high demand for funding and energy investment in the development of computing power needs to establish a development incentive system to achieve effective resource supply; (2) the high security and stability in its development with a reliable software and hardware supply chain, needs to establish a security guarantee system to control risks; (3) the high investment in its development can easily form competitive barriers and market monopolies, and it is necessary to ensure the healthy development of the industry through anti-monopoly systems; (4) the high technical standards and interoperability in its growth needs to strengthen international communication and coordination, and make good use of the toolbox of foreign-related rule of law. Based on the institutional demand for the computing power development, regulating incentive systems are needed to balance resource allocation, enhance artificial intelligence security by strengthening computing power security, regulate the computing power market competition for better development orders of artificial intelligence, and promote international governance of artificial intelligence for more effective regulations through strengthening the rule of law in the field of computing power. To resolve the contradictions between the development of computing power and its regulation, and achieve a deep integration of security and development, it is necessary to establish a balance mechanism between development and regulation. Necessary assessments are needed and conducted when in need. Different regulations are necessary for different supervisions, such as special institutional regulations for large models and enterprises; basic ones for general entities, and partial exemptions for small and medium-sized entities. The overall layout design should be made for the regulations, taking into account the social value and the public values behind other binding goals in computing power development; synergy should be centered in promoting regulations, by establishing a unified institution to oversee its safety, development, and consistency in direction through a set of working mechanism.