Abstract: In order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional biological treatment processes on the basis of introduction of the technical mechanism and operating performance of the anaerobic reactors, a new high-rate anaerobic reactor-anaerobic migratimg blanket reactor(AMBR), developed by IOWA university, is presented with its basic configuration, characteristics and running performances, which is sample, flexibility and high efficient with a good application prospect in the field of wastewater anaerobic treatment.