Abstract: By the site investigation,sampling in saline alkali soil distribution area of Zhenlai in west of Jilin province and analysis of physicochemical test in laboratory are conducted,and the fundamental property of soil in different depth at the same location are studied.The results show that content of soluble salt ranges from 0.104 5% to 0.466 0% within 1 m below the surface and the type of saline soil is weak carbonate-saline soil.In the underground soil layer from 0 to 30 cm,the content of soluble salt increases with the increasing of depth; in the underground soil layer from 30 to 100 cm,the content of soluble salt decreases with the increasing of depth.This saline soil belongs to low liquid limit clay.Its pH ranges from 8.12 to 9.12 and it is alkalinous in nature.In the underground soil layer from 0 to 30 cm,the pH increases with the increasing of depth;in the underground soil layer from 30 to 100 cm,it decreases with the increasing of depth.Some content organic and exchangeable sodium are contained in the soil.They have a great influence on the capillarity of soil and water translocation during the freezing course.Capillary water rise test shows that the capillarity of soil in the underground layer ranges from 0 to 40 cm is weak,because it contains considerable quantities exchangeable sodium of soil inner and soil particles have a great dispersibility which leads to much smaller pore space and greater capillary rise resisting force among soil particles.During the freezing and thawing capillary water rise experiment,the changes of moisture content with the depth is caused by the water translocation of adhesive water based on the effect of temperature gradient.