Abstract: To promote the development of asphalt concrete pavement damage monitoring technology and broaden the selection range of pavement disease monitoring materials, this paper combed the types, application methods, and current situation of carbon-based materials and their composites for pavement monitoring, expounded the working principle and application characteristics of these materials in road disease monitoring, and analyzed the influence characteristics of different carbon-based materials and their composites on pavement structural properties. The problems and development trend of the selection and application decision of asphalt concrete pavement monitoring materials were discussed in detail.