Abstract: The macroscopic resistance of concrete material includes the actual dynamic strength and the inertial effect. To establish the physical model describing the macroscopic resistance of concrete, the physical mechanisms of the actual dynamic strength and the inertial effect of materials were analyzed in this paper. A mass-damper components model was established. The numerical SHPB tests of concrete material were executed. The results showed that the actual dynamic strength, which was included in the macroscopic resistance of concrete, depended on the material properties and the magnitude of strain rate. The inertial effect was directly proportional to the strain rate gradient, regardless of the strain rate. The actual dynamic strength and the inertial effect of concrete material could be characterized qualitatively based on the proposed mass-damper components model.