Abstract: The bacterial composition of the aerobic granular sludge under filamentous bulking was studied by construction of 16S rDNA clone library.The results indicated that the bacterial community in aerobic granular sludge included 6 major groups: β-proteobacteria,Sphingobacteria,δ-Proteobacteria,Flavobacteria,γ-proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,and their portions were 36.23%,20.29%,13.04%,10.12%,1.45% and 1.45%,respectively.Sequence analysis also indicated that filamentous bacterial such as Sphaerotilus natans existed in aerobic granular sludge,but it was not the main cause of filamentous bulking based on the occurrence frequency of clones in 16S rDNA clone library.Filamentous microorganism from outer edge of aerobic granular sludge was picked out for further identification and was identified to belong to filamentous fungi.Experiment proves that pH decreasing with running time is the main cause for filamentous bulking.Shorten running time of the cycle,adding NaHCO₃ to reactor and decreasing aeration rate during process of operation all can prevent filamentous bulking.And as the most direct and effective way,adding NaHCO₃ to reactor even can control filamentous bulking at it initial stage.