Abstract: A laser vision sensing based adaptive TIG welding system for large-scale aluminum alloy components was established to fit for the variety of weld groove conditions.A new type laser vision sensor was used to precisely measure the weld groove.The joint geometry data,such as bevel angle,gap,area,mismatch and etc, could be used in assembling large-scale aerospace components before welding and were applied for automatic seam tracking in welding.An adaptive welding process is realized by automatically adjusting the wire feeding speed and the welding current according to the groove conditions,with good weld formation and high welding quality which meet the requirements of the relative standards.