质子交换膜燃料电池催化层功能梯度设计进展
Research Progress on Functional Gradient Design of Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
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摘要: 催化层作为电化学反应的场所,是质子交换膜燃料电池的重要组成部件。为了促进质子交换膜燃料电池的性能提升和成本降低以及考虑到催化层中反应物质的不均匀分布,催化层组成成分被考虑设计成梯度分布以提高各成分和反应物的利用率,从而在不增加成本的前提下提高燃料电池性能。功能梯度催化层是质子交换膜燃料电池性能提升的重要手段之一。因此,该文从不同组成成分、不同方向详细综述了催化层的功能梯度分布设计。催化层成分的梯度分布研究主要以催化剂载量和离聚物载量为对象,从燃料电池3个不同方向,以不同的非均匀分布形式进行分布设计。功能梯度催化层可以有效地改善反应物、温度和电流密度分布的均匀性以及提高燃料电池性能,是发展高性能质子交换膜燃料电池的重要手段之一。Abstract: As the site of electrochemical reaction, the catalyst layer is an important component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In order to improve the performance and reduce the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and considering the uneven distribution of reactants in the catalyst layer, the catalyst layer composition is designed to be the gradient distribution to improve the utilization of each component and reactant, thereby improving the cell performance without increasing the cost. The functional gradient catalyst layer is one of the important means to improve the cell performance. Therefore, the functional gradient distribution design of the catalyst layer is reviewed in detail from different components and directions in this paper. The gradient distributions of the catalyst layer components mainly focus on the catalyst loading and ionomer loading from three different directions of the fuel cell in different non-uniform distribution forms. The functional gradient catalyst layer can effectively improve the uniformity of reactant, temperature and current density distributions and improve the performance of fuel cells, which is one of the important means of the development of high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells.