Abstract: Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX), as an emerging autotrophic denitrification technology has been drawn significant atlention in research area of livestock and poultry farming wastewater treatment for its multiple advantages, such as no external carbon source needed, less sludge production, and low greenhouse gas emission. This paper focuses on the current status of water pollution in the livestock and poultry farming industry and analyzed the characteristics of wastewater guality, the research processes, including two-stage, one-stage, and other modified ANAMMOX treatment methods for treating real wastewater, are systematically. Several strategies are proposed to enhance performance. It could be enhanced by integrating sludge mixing system for strengthened enrichment and retention of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Optimizing the aeration would be beneficial to selectively inhibit the nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity. Meanwhile, influent ρ(C)/ρ(N) ratio adjusting, pre-treatment, long-term domestication, and addition of exogenous substances could be considered as helpful strategies to improve nitrogen removal efficiency.