Abstract: To obtain seismic damage data for museum collections and conduct research on seismic protection of cultural relics, a three-story single-span steel frame structure model was designed for shaking table tests. Earthquake motions corresponding to low, medium, and high levels of intensity (8-degree scale) were selected, and unidirectional, bidirectional, and triaxial shaking table tests were carried out to analyze the effects of different ground materials on the seismic responses of both floating cabinets and base-isolated cabinets, as well as the cultural relics placed within them. Based on the characteristics of the test objects and objectives, factors such as structural model design, cabinet arrangement, selection and placement of relics, sensor selection and layout, and earthquake wave loading conditions were discussed from the perspective of shaking table test scheme design and their impact on the test outcomes. This experimental design ensures the successful completion of shaking table tests for the museum-building-cabinet-relic system, and the experiences and lessons learned from the design can provide valuable references for future large-scale shaking table tests. Preliminary analysis of the test results indicates that the motion state of the floating cabinets under horizontal unidirectional seismic excitation is not limited to horizontal movement, and there are significant differences in the motion states between irregular relics and regular wooden blocks of the same height-to-width ratio.