Abstract: To improve the comprehensive performance of the key basic part column of the machine tool, the vibration and noise test and analysis system is used to conduct impact testing experiments on a certain machine tool column in different directions to obtain precise modal parameters.Based on the analysis of the experimental results, Abaqus software is utilized to performe the multi-objective topology optimization analysis of the columns for Rib layout.Based on the analysis results, modify and reconstruct the new plate layout of the column.The finite element analysis comparison of the columns before and after optimization shows that the mass is reduced by 10.09%, the maximum deformation is decreased by 5%, and the natural frequency is also improved to a certain extent.The optimization results indicate that the engineering material used in the column is saved and the dynamic and static performance is improved.