Abstract: To address the issue that the current planning method based on static data and single goal is incompatible with the spatial temporal development characteristics of rural areas, a location method of basic education facilities based on the multi-feature spatiotemporal equilibrium model was proposed. First, by identifying the spatial temporal variation characteristics of "Population-Land-Cost" in rural areas and analyzing their influence on the location of educational facilities, this paper proposed an optimization objective function using residents' travel efficiency, intensive land use, and construction economic efficiency as compound constraints. Second, time series data such as population and land use of villages was introduced into the traditional P-median model to establish a spatial temporal equilibrium model based on the Tabu search algorithm, thus realizing the optimal solution for the number of facilities and spatial location for the whole period.Finally, taking the planning of public childcare facilities of Town Y in Beijing as an example, the results show that the optimized solution obtained by the spatiotemporal equilibrium method is significantly superior to both the original planning scheme and location scheme in terms of facility construction cost, land use cost, and overall cost. Therefore, this model fits with the development trend of land and population structure in rural areas, thereby ensuring the fairness and equilibrium of accessing rural education resources in the long term.