Abstract: It is essential to integrate unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and industrial Internet of things (IIoT) to provide solutions for the refined warehouse management in response to inventory management issues such as the large amount of cargo information in smart cloud warehouses and the risk of discrepancies between accounts and goods.First, the operation mechanism of data collection and information interaction was analyzed, and the mathematical model of UAV inventory operation was constructed with the lowest energy consumption and the shortest time as the objective functions. At the same time, the energy consumption difference of UAV under the flight conditions of acceleration, deceleration, uniform speed and cornering was considered, and hazard avoidance and data acquisition were taken as the constraint functions. Afterwards, the differential migration-piecewise mutation-biogeography-based optimization (DPBBO) algorithm was designed to solve the above model. Finally, the simulation was verified. Results show that the DPBBO algorithm is more effective in solving this inventory operation problem and can improve the timeliness of inventory sampling tasks and the accuracy of inventory management.