Abstract: To accomplish the quick repair function of steel frame structure after earthquake damage, based on the idea of damage control, a prefabricated steel frame structure with lateral resistance energy-consuming device was put forward in this paper. An numerical simulation was carried out by using ABAQUS. First, the stress mechanism of the steel frame structure was studied, the internal force-transferred path of the steel frame system was analyzed, the reasonable failure sequence of the structure was put forward, and the corresponding failure criteria were established. Then, the prefabricated steel frame structure was compared with the corresponding rigid frame and hinged frame. Finally, the variable parameter analysis was carried out. The influences of the cross-section width, thickness and height of lateral shear plates, the number of connecting bolts of joint plates, the stiffness of column-foot beams and the axial compression ratio of columns on the mechanical properties of the prefabricated steel frame structure were emphatically discussed. The research shows that the prefabricated steel frame structure with reasonable design can be completely equivalent to the corresponding frame with rigid column feet in terms of yield load and lateral stiffness, and the stress distribution of the main members of the steel frame structure is better than that of the corresponding rigid frame. The plastic damage in the structure can be concentrated on the easily replaceable energy dissipation elements such as flange connection cover plates and lateral energy dissipation devices, so that the main members such as beams and columns are basically in an elastic state and have the earthquake-resilience.