Abstract: Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources and are becoming increasingly depleted. Faced with the shortage of non-renewable resources and environmental pollution, people are eager to seek environmentally friendly and low-cost renewable materials to replace fossil fuels. The main components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and a small amount of silica, which is a renewable resource rich in carbon and silicon. Therefore, the research on the preparation of high-performance chemicals with biomass as raw materials is of great significance. Combined with the research results of biomass comprehensive utilization in the early days of our research group, the chemical composition of biomass was mainly introduced, the preparation of carbon materials, silicon materials and composite materials using biomass as raw materials and their applications in industrial denitration and wastewater treatment were summarized. Finally, the future development prospects of biomass materials were presented.