Abstract: With the development of electrochemical devices, people have certain requirements for "visualization" devices, so that electrochromism has gradually entered researchers' vision. Electrochromism refers to reversibly changing the optical properties (such as transmittance, absorption, and reflection, etc.) of a material under the condition of applying a certain voltage. The development history of electrochromic direction was introduced, and the classification, preparation methods, influence factors and current multi-functional application direction of electrochromic materials were summarized and analyzed. Based on the research, the classification and comparison of composite electrochromic materials were researched as a main focus, and their impact on electrochromic performance and potential application prospects were elaborated. Finally, the future development of electrochromic materials was prospected.