Abstract: For the purpose of studying the effect of temperature on the dynamic mechanical properties of steel-rubber rolling structure with viscoelasticity considered, the dynamic mechanical properties of steel-rubber rolling structure were tested through an experimental platform. The temperature change of the rubber roller during the continuous rotation, as well as the depth of deformation and contact width were measured by experiment, and the effect of temperature on the depth of deformation and contact width of the rubber roller was analyzed. A disk-shaped sample of the same material as the rubber roller of the experimental platform was used for dynamic thermal analysis experiments to obtain rubber stress relaxation curves at different temperatures and loss factors at different frequencies. Based on the experimental data, the constitutive model parameters of the rubber material were identified, and the hyperelastic and viscoelastic parameters at different temperatures were obtained, respectively. Finally, the transient dynamics simulation of the steel-rubber rolling structure at different temperatures was carried out. The relationship between the viscoelastic strength of the rubber roller and the temperature was discussed. The characteristics of the depth of deformation, contact width, von Mises stress and strain, contact pressure and contact stiffness of the rubber roller at different temperatures were analyzed. Results show that the degree of viscoelasticity of the rubber roller decreases with increasing temperature, and the significant influence of temperature on the dynamic mechanical properties of rubber rollers is that von Mises stress, contact pressure and contact stiffness decrease with increasing temperature, and von Mises strain, depth of deformation and contact width increase with increasing temperature.