Abstract: With increasing manufacturing cost of modern high-performance aircraft and the growing demand for accurate aircraft service life monitoring, a great number of researches that focus on the individual aircraft life monitoring are being conducted. The development history, the present research status, and the critical techniques for individual aircraft life monitoring were reviewed in this paper. The technology and key issues of aircraft individual life monitoring based on structural health diagnosis were also elaborated in detail. At the same time, to adapt the development of intelligent and automatic individual aircraft life monitoring technology, the future development trends and challenges for individual aircraft fatigue life monitoring technology were also presented.