Abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of epilepsy. The cognitive function can be damaged due to recurrent seizures. However, the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by TLE is unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique developed in recent years, which can sensitively show the microstructure characteristics of white matter and describe the structural connections of the white matter fibers. The research about epileptic attack and cognitive function of TLE patients using DTI was discussed in this paper. Specially, memory, language and executive functions were reviewed in detail. Finally, the development trend and existing problems of the topic were discussed.