人工髋关节髋臼边缘动态接触半径的设计

    Radius Design of Acetabulum on Hip Prostheses With Dynamic Edge Contact

    • 摘要: 当髋关节假体部件侧向移动足够大的距离接触到髋臼杯边缘时,带状磨损就会发生,为改善这种带状磨损导致的局部异常高接触应力现象,研究应用经典Hertzian接触理论对髋关节的边缘半径进行设计计算,分析不同髋臼倾角的法向载荷作用下接触尺寸和最大接触应力及合理的边缘半径等重要参数.计算结果表明:随着边缘半径的增加,髋臼倾角在2°~50°内,起初最大接触压力小幅降低,随后缓慢增加,最终趋于稳定,可取得极小接触压力;而在倾角50°以上情况下最大接触压力迅速增长,边缘半径需较大变化才能取得极小接触压力.随着倾角变化极小压力边缘半径先减小后趋于稳定后达到最小值,在45°之后急剧增大.在相同的条件下接触尺寸和最大接触压力将随着载荷的增加而增加.随着髋臼倾角的增加,接触尺寸将减小,而最大接触压力将增大.通过该数值计算方法有助于寻找到合适的边缘半径,从而能更好地降低髋臼杯边缘接触压力,改善其应力分布规律,减轻带状磨损现象,以延长人工髋关节使用寿命.

       

      Abstract: When the components of hip prostheses move a sufficient distance laterally to contact the edge of the acetabular cup, causing abnormally high contact stresses, the contact dimensions and maximal contact pressure with appropriate edge radius were investigated based on classical Hertzian contact theory. The computational results show that with the increase of the edge radius of the hip, the angle of acetabulum within the range of 2°-55° first decreases slightly, then slowly increases, and eventually tends to be stable to obtain the minimal contact pressure. While the angle over 50° contact pressure increases rapidly and the large change of edge radius of hip is needed to obtain the minimal contact pressure. With the change of the acetabulum angle, the radius of the pressure edge decreases first and then reaches a minimum, and there is a sharp increase after reaching 45°. The edge radius of hip bearings is designed to find contact size and the maximum contact pressure are proportional to loading under the same condition. The increased angle of cup inclination reduces contact size while enlarges the maximum contact pressure. The appreciate radius using this contact theory better resist severe edge loading contact stresses for reducing the stripe wear. This can prolong the lifetime of the hip prostheses.

       

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