Abstract: Taxi operation data of urban expressway under different combinations of three factors including road type, traffic condition and driving mode was divided and then extracted. Taking cumulative fuel consumption percentage (CFCP), cumulative operation time percentage (COTP), relative instantaneous fuel consumption (RIFC) and fuel consumption per hundred kilometer (FCPHK) as indicators, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of fuel consumption were analyzed. Results show that road longitudinal slope has significant impact on vehicle fuel consumption. RIFC and FCPHK are higher on uphill while lower on downhill. Horizontal alignment has no significant effect on fuel consumption. There is a positive correlation between operation time and fuel consumption, which indicates that the fuel consumption is reduced by mitigating traffic congestion and reducing travel time. In high-speed traffic condition, FCPHK is higher while RIFC is lower. At a fixed distance travel, it is more energy-efficient to maintain a higher speed. CFCP nearly occupies high percent (53%) of total fuel consumption and its FCPHK and RIFC are higher than that of other driving modes. The rank of three factors of fuel consumption influencing degrees is traffic condition > driving mode > road type, which suggests that in order to reduce the fuel consumption, it's better to plan routes in advance and avoid congested road. Meanwhile, it also reveals that the mitigation of traffic jam effectively reduces the energy consumption.