Abstract: The purpose of this research is to improve the science of microscopic traffic simulation model calibration. Based on the combing of existing microscopic traffic simulation model calibration process, this paper suggests there is a certain application error in the function orientation and analysis method of parameter sensitivity analysis which leads to the queried accuracy of calibration result, and the checking index selection was not reasonable. Combining the characteristics of microscopic traffic simulation experiment and the theory of analysis of variance, a new sensitivity analysis method for microscopic traffic simulation specially was put forward and the function of sensitivity analysis in the process of simulation model calibration was repositioned, and its primary role in scientific select checking index was detemined. A common signal intersection was selected and microscopic traffic simulation model parameter sensitivity analysis work was made, the result shows that delay index is appropriate checking index for signal intersection microscopic simulation model calibration.