Abstract: To understand the effect of travel disturbance on soil ecological system,the paper taking Yaoquan mountain of Wudalianchi as a research case,the impact of travel disturbance on actinomycetes communities structure was studied, and response relationship between soil chemical properties and actinomycetes communities' structure was analyzed. The results indicated that the soil actinomycetes number was between 0. 48 × 10⁷ cfu / g and 5. 13 × 10⁷ cfu / g of Yaoquan mountain. And 118 actinomycetes were isolated and purified,which belonged to 11 genera. The similar rate was 65. 38% of the whole mountain actinomycetes community structure. Micromonospora frequency separation is more consistent in the active area,Micropolyspora and Streptomyces frequency separation are larger in the buffer and background zone. 5 chemical factors and 5 kinds of enzyme activity have different degree of response relationship with actinomycetes population distribution. Sucrase has larger impact on actinomycetes community structure followed by organic matter,urease,and available phosphorus. Actinomyces and Streptomyces are distributed widely,mainly in the central positions,and they are common genus for each sample point Actinomyces. Streptoverticillium is positively correlated to sucrase, Micromonospora is positively correlated to phosphatase,and Frankia is positively correlated to urease,while Actinomadura is positively correlated to available phosphorus.