Abstract: Even though the enlightenment thoughts of civil rights started in France, its influence nearly spread all over the world. The spirit of Democracy and science advocated by French Enlightenment thinkers not only led to the independent war of U.S.A and French Revolutions, but also promoted the development of Asia-Africa-latin' revolutions of nationality and democratism. Just edified by French enlightenment thoughts of civil rights, the intellectuals of modern China gradually grasped the mental weapon to reform the old society and criticize feudalist ideology. Simultaneously, owing to the inherent difference between Chinese and European cultures and the times characteristics, they made different explanations of French enlightenment thoughts of civil rights, and the different explanations have influenced the development progress of Chinese society for a long time.