Abstract: This paper understands the argument in Cao Pi's Dianlun Lunwen as a whole, and recognizes it in the concrete background of times and culture. Therefore, it does not agree that academic circles consider Dianlun Lunwen as "the expression of literary consciousness" and think that "literary consciousness" is different with "art for art's sake"; and it considers that "literary consciousness" is "art for art's sake" in the essence and that Dianlun Lunwen is "the expression of human consciousness"; besides, raises the curtain for "literary consciousness".