Abstract: By adopting the method of integrating the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the article carries out a research on rights protection of farmer-workers in China and Puts forward counterplans to solve the problem. Farmer-workers compose a special social group which comes into being during the process of social transformation and system reform in China. They have made great contributions to China's economic and social development. We should fully understand the importance of protecting the rights of farmer-workers in view of building up a harmonious socialist society, and form a new farmer-workers rights protection pattern by reforming dual household registration management system, perfecting legislation and enforcement of laws, strengthening social security, and improving the quality of farmer-workers, etc.