Abstract: In the early part of the People's Republic of China,there were a lot of unemployed workers in cities.How to settle the employment and life of the unemployed workers was a difficult problem.The Communist Party of China and the central government developed affirmatively the unemployment benefit in order to solve the problems of the basic existence of relief objects and solidify the new regime.Finally the difficulty was defeated, which laid the foundation for developing the other work of the early part of the People's Republic of China.