Abstract: This article analyses the predicament and outlet of the citizenization of Chinese peasants using the method of system theory, which can provide a theoretical reference for the practice of our peasants' role-transformation from peasants to citizens. Chinese peasants' citizenization transformation has fallen into a difficult position because of factors such as the household registration system division between urban and rural areas, the system of employment and social security management, the model of peasants' thinking and behavior and their quality. Therefore, the corresponding outlet lies in the reformation of the household registration system, the establishment of unified employment system in urban and rural areas and social security management system that connects urban and rural areas, the enhancement of establishing service-oriented urban governments, the reinforcement of vocational training and social education for peasants, and improvement of peasants'overall qualities.