Abstract: Urban is the material space carrier of the human civilization, especially the industrial civilization, which has never been absent in the Marxist theory. In their reflections on the living conditions and the historical fate of the working class, Marxism and Friedrich Engels constructed a new paradigm of historical materialism, which became an important part of the historical materialism. Taking mode of production as the starting point, Friedrich Engels constructed the basic dimension of the historical materialism view of the city, criticized the destruction of the relationship between man and nature and between man and man by the industrialized city, actively explored and put into practice in finding out the basic way to solve the urban survival problems of the working class, and the direction for the future development of industrialized cities. To clarify the basic connotation of the historical materialism, to explore Friedrich Engels' urban philosophy and the development of the historical materialism, and to find theoretical tools for solving the problems of industrialized cities, is a contemporary response to Friedrich Engels' great ideas.