Abstract: Business environment not only affects the comprehensive benefits of production and operation, but also determines the scale and level of regional investment. As the main body of responsibility for optimizing business environment, governments at all levels are not only the supervisors and managers of market behavior, but also the coordinator and balancer of market interests. Promoting the optimization of business system environment has many practical values. However, in the process of vigorously promoting the optimization of business environment, some government agencies and functional departments, as the main body of responsibility for business environment construction, failed to timely and effectively perform the corresponding duties and obligations, and the phenomenon of government inaction and disorderly action coexisted at the same time, resulting in the unsatisfactory effect of business environment construction. In essence, whether the business environment can be fundamentally improved depends on whether the government's own reform is comprehensive, thorough and in-depth. Therefore, from the perspective of public governance to promote the optimization of business environment, the focus is to deepen the reform of the government itself, implement and strengthen the government's responsibilities, ensure the timely transformation of government functions, and consolidate and deepen the achievements of the reform of the administrative system of governments at all levels.