Abstract: Based on the perspective of logistics industry efficiency, this paper constructs logistics industry development quality evaluation index system under the constraints of "energy saving and emission reduction", uses the panel data in 2003-2016 to adopt the super-SBM model of undesired output to the logistics industry, and evaluates logistics industry development quality in Western China. Then, the panel Tobit model, the system GMM model and the long-term impact coefficient are used to analyze the influencing factors of logistics industry development quality. The results show that:(1) From the perspective of logistics industry efficiency, the logistics industry development quality in Western China is not high, and the development of logistics industry is not fully balanced; (2) Logistics industry development quality in Western China is affected by both internal and external factors. Internal factors including the proportion of physical capital stock in the logistics industry, its proportion of employees and the energy consumption; external factors including economic factors (per capita GDP, rationalization of industrial structure, advanced industrial structure) and innovation factors for logistics industry development quality. The effects of quality are divided to static effects, dynamic effects, and long-term effects. Western China should promote the "six transformations" of the logistics industry to achieve its high-quality development.