Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, stabilities in China's rural society have formed and contributed much to the basis of urbanization and industrialization. Facing a new critical stage that China's social construction has entered into, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has established the strategy for rural revitalization. In order to scientifically formulate the rural policies, this paper has presented the ten pairs of dialectical relations of the policies concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which should be well dealt with. The ten pairs of relations are:the urban-rural relations, the relations between rural revitalization strategies and tactics, agricultural problems and farmers'problems, employments in agriculture and non-agriculture businesses, agricultural management systems and land rights systems, peasants from different regions, public ownership and common ownership, national policies and rural social differences, rural de-population and "senior peasants", financial resources supporting the countryside and grassroots organization's construction.