Abstract: In the process of poverty alleviation, characteristic agriculture has emerged in many regions, which has become an important means to drive poverty-stricken areas out of poverty. The characteristic agriculture also constitutes the important connotation of the prosperity of rural industry and the integrated urban-rural development. This paper holds that characteristic agriculture is an economic ecosystem rooted in the rural community. Specifically, labor allocation and organization of characteristic agriculture is closely embedded in the family life of the peasant households, in the multi-industry system of rural society, and in the local society's interpersonal relationship and action ethics. Therefore, in order to fully understand the characteristic agriculture, a bottom-up sociological perspective has been introduced. From the point of view of policy and practice, suggestions are presented for developing the characteristic agriculture rooted in the rural community.