Abstract: In the initial period of new China,in order to alleviate the severe food crisis,the state promulgated and implemented a strong policy of grain purchase and sale,thus caused an strong rebound by farmers and formed the tensive interaction and game between farmers and the state.This interaction and game is mainly manifested as the contradiction between the statism and the farmers freedom,the purchase triggered the panic of farmers' grain crisis,and formed the sharp oppositive relationship between the cadres and the masses.Under the farmers' pressure of durable interest expression,the state continuously adjusted and improved the national monopoly policy of grain purchase and sale,and achieved both parties "interests integration" in the agricultural cooperative movement,and thus relieved the conflict for each other.This interaction and the game,not only reflected the respect of the state to the farmers,safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of the farmers,but also provided many useful references for promoting the rural reform and building a new socialist countryside.