Abstract: Scientific and technological innovation ability evaluation index system of colleges and universities is built from four aspects,including resource investment,research achievement,achievement transformation and technical exchange. Besides,based on the data from more than 110 universities which belongs to 211 or are built by provincial authorities,the weight system is summarized according to the entropy evaluation method and the scientific and technological innovation ability of the universities is evaluated. It is demonstrated that the resource investment and the output of research results are the key factors to influence the technological innovation ability of the universities,the advanced innovation ability for integrated colleges and universities and the affiliated colleges is more prominent,and the scientific and technological innovation ability of the universities is steadily increasing and regionally different from each other.