Abstract: In order to evaluate scientifically the level and stage of work safety modernization, these theories of social system and modernization has been used. It is decomposed into four subsystems and index system of economy, politic, society and culture for comprehensive measurement and evaluation. The result is that the work safety modernization of China is in the important turning period of the intermediate level and stage, being still a big gap with the developed countries. If it would go to towards advanced level, the government, enterprises and society must take various measures in many ways on the fundamence of structural goverenace for work safety over a long time.