Abstract: The existing study of the urban and rural integration is either from the perspective of economics,or from the perspective of the system study,but rarely from the perspective of opportunity equality.This paper argues that no matter whether it is the economic resource allocation or the formulation of the system and policy,all depends on the influence on the urban and rural opportunity equality to determine whether they promote the urban and rural integration process.Opportunity equality is the essential attribute of the urban and rural integration.Opportunities,which are complex and diverse,of course,can be divided into basic survival,middle and top level,and at the same time,it can be divided into formal equality and essential equality.In the process of advancing the different types of opportunity equality,the urban and rural integration makes different progress and it's process(including the regional urban and rural integration process) can be better analyzed with the analytical framework given in this paper.