Abstract: The development of contemporary Chinese people is explored from the perspective of building a harmonious socialist society according to the Marxist principle of the dialectical relationship between the social development and human development and the development of Chinese society, by the combination of theory and practice, we can infer that the state of human development should be "moral economic man" under the condition of harmonious socialist society, which is the developing orientation of the contemporary Chinese people. Nurturing and shaping "moral economic man" is the path of the human development in contemporary China.