Abstract: There have been a lot of surplus rural labors in China for a long time. This paper tries to reveal the reasons that bring about the surplus rural labors and discusses the relations between the factors of social system, economic development and population, etc. and the migration of rural labors. It is concluded that only taking full advantage of this opportunity when China has been a member of WTO to develop the third industries and small-and-middle sized labor intensive enterprises, quicken the reformation of census register system, accelerate the process of urbanization and practice the strict policy of planned birth, can China overcome the difficulties of rural labor migrations and root out the problems with regard to "Agriculture, Peasant, Rural Area".