Abstract: The relation of "fairness and efficiency" is a hot issue.Take a wide view of 60 years China's socialist construction development,how to deal with "fairness and efficiency" is conducted through different stages of the party's policies by the central government.And the central authorities' attitude is a learning and developing process,which is adjusted according to prevailing circumstances.The central government which is concerned strongly of each period of "fairness and efficiency" has a strong sense of reality and rationality.The inherent basis of the rationality is the consistency of the scientific development and the social harmony.