Abstract: After investigating the industrial development of the world traditional ancient countries and the evolution of modern industries and their impacts on the environments and sustainable development, the situations of ecological industries, the theoretical and practical values of ecological industries are studied and discussed. The productivity formation of and the matter circulation in ecological industrial system are analyzed by means of ecology and system science, and then the micro-and macro-structures of ecological industries are established. The ecological behavior and ecological standards of technology, enterprises and industries are proposed. At the end, such problems as the formation of ecological culture, implementing strategy of ecological industries and constructing the related law and polices are studied.