Abstract: By using the economic and social effects-oriented comprehensive framework, the land policy from the reform and opening up is divided into three stages:the transition period(1979-2002), the scientific concept of development period(2003 to 2012) and the comprehensive deepening reform period(2013 to today). Based on the content and effects of the land policy, the three stages of land policy summed up as "efficiency deletion", "dilated", "standard" and "reasonable type". On the basis of three historical phases analysis, we find that the system to improve the efficiency is the private property rights, the basic economic system and the market allocation. The important cause of the land policy, which is not ideal is the imbalance of interest structure and the local government profit impulse. The key of China's land policy reform is to solve the four kinds of problems that are the lack of incentive mechanism of sustainable land use, the unfair mechanism of land income distribution, the contradiction between the ownership and property right and the unreasonable positioning of the government and the market.