Abstract: Financial structure optimization (FSO) is a powerful approach of achieving optimal financial structure and then promoting economic development. Firstly, the development process, optimization goal and optimization methods of financial structure are overviewed and analyzed. Literature analysis shows that recognizing the complex interaction between financial structure and economic development and realizing the multi-objective FSO (MOFSO) are the key problems of FSO. Then, a new research perspective and its key questions of MOFSO are proposed. Finally, the future research directions are discussed.