Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between capital structure and risk in commercial banks,the influence that risk affected by capital structure will be discussed in theory and studied empirically with actual data in this paper.Finally,the conclusion will be drawn that the shareholding of top ten shareholder is proportional to the bank risk,and both the proportion of listed shares and affiliated capital is inversely proportional to the bank risk. What's more,the suggestions will be proposed to promote the steady development of commercial banks in China aiming at this conclusion.