Abstract: Compared with 129 countries’ human capital structure at the global perspective, this paper found that China ranked the 92th on the global competitiveness of top 100, being the bottom of the fourth tiers grouped. Human capital accumulation (especially, health and skill human capital) has a positive impact on economic growth. When arrived at the middle income level, economic growth will promote the innovation human capital progressiveness according to the investment in education. Compared with advanced nationals, the result shows that China would face great challenge of global adaption and competition in the next 15 years. It is important to improve the matching degree between occupation and industry structure, and strengthen the education and skill human capital, in order to promote our innovation level and international competitiveness.