Abstract: Aiming at the shortcomings of the previous research methods, in order to study the effect of the coal industrial concentration on economic performance, this article, through calculating concentration of China's coal industry from 1985 to 2012, using ADF test, co-integration test, Granger causality test and error correction model empirically tests the relationship between the coal industrial concentration and economic performance. The study finds that the coal industry concentration is a one-way Granger cause of economic performance and in the long run it has an active influence on the significant economic performanceand less influence on the economic performance in the short term. Thus, in order to improve the economic performance of the coal industry, we can take measures including cultivating the leading enterprises of the coal industry, encouraging the merger and acquisition of coal enterprises, as well as controlling the production of coal and improving the average size of the coal enterprises.